![]() ![]() In 2015, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced plans to upgrade and repair twelve existing Antey-class SSGN submarines. These vessels are almost identical to the previous Borei-class submarines but will be capable of firing long-range cruise missiles. 12 In April 2019, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced plans to build two new Borei-K-class nuclear submarines. ![]() 11 While expenses mount, the Russian government remains committed to the modernization program-viewed as imperative to maintain its nuclear deterrent. 10 In 2017, Russia launched its first Borei-A class submarine, ‘Knyaz Vladimir,’ which features incremental upgrades to the original design. This has led to delays in the Borei-class construction program and forced the Russian Navy to retain two aging Kalmar-class (NATO: Delta III) boats in service. 9 Despite enlarging its defense budget, the Russian Navy faces a considerable backlog of modernization, maintenance, and dismantlement tasks. First launched in 1996, the Borei-class are set to replace the aging Typhoon-class, Kalmar-class ( NATO: Delta III), and Delfin-class (NATO: Delta IV) submarines. The Borei-class (NATO: Dolgorukiy) SSBNs are instrumental to Russia’s post-Cold War strategic arsenal. 7 In June 2019, Russia signed a contract with the shipbuilding company Sevmash for two Project 885-M Yasen-class nuclear-powered attack submarines. ![]() This vessel is expected to enter service February 2021. In 2017, Russia launched its second Yasen-class submarine, the Kazan. 6 The Russian Navy plans to replace both its SSNs and SSGNs with the multirole Project 885-M Yasen-class submarines. In 1993, Russia began construction on a Yasen-class submarine, the Severodvisnk (K-885), but did not commission this vessel until 2014. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia has embarked on multiple extensive projects to improve its submarine fleet. ![]()
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